Actually 209-161=48 cu.in.=800 ml or cc.
Roger Penske looked at the rules, realized that with proper execution, that a competitive pushrod engine had a chance. You undoubtedly read that the development was lagging on longevity for a 500 mile race, right-up to the race date.
Pushrod engines have been allowed under the rules at Indy for decades, and because they are expected to be at a power disadvantage, they have been allowed more displacement and higher boost. There was a guy from the midwest who ran a Chevy V8 he removed from a school bus and refurbished, qualified, and ran at Indy. Not much hope of a win, but for a shoestring budget, he had the opportunity to run alongside people he knew had a chance to win, where he didn't, but he beat-out many others to legitimately claim a spot in the grid of competitors. Americans love to root for the underdogs. Unproven technology in race situations makes any new idea an automatic underdog, and we love to support the effort.
Do we put a * next-to Muhammed Ali's boxing record when he loosened the ring ropes, allowing him to use the 'rope-a-dope' defensive technique against George Foreman? He studied the competitor's combative style, and let him tire himself-out while leaning backwards against the slackened ropes, fending-off Foreman's punches with his forearms, until he could pick-apart Foreman later in the fight. Brilliant defensive and offensive strategy, and within the rules.
FYI, I saw 'Black Jack' Brabham and Bruce Mclaren racing F1 in the 1960's, using a London Fire Brigade portable fire pump engine (!) in their light mid-engined chassis designs (Cooper-Coventry-Climax). Was there grumbling about not using a 'proper' car engine? Probably, but the prescient competitors like Sir Jack Brabham and Colin Chapman saw that using lightweight chassis/engine combinations, where the engine was a stressed member of the chassis, allowed for much-less weight and that resulted in several advantages: a better power-to-weight ratio, better, more-nimble handling, less wear & tear on the car's driveline and suspension, less-fatiguing for a driver to control, meaning faster reflexes to take advantage of openings in traffic, or to avoid cars out-of-control; less fuel consumption, a real advantage at Indy because if you can eliminate a fuel stop, you gain a significant advantage over the competition; tires last longer again possibly eliminating a pit stop for tires, or shortening a pit stop for gas. You get the idea.
Brabham had first run a Cooper mid-engined car at the Indy 500 in the very early 1960's, and while there was a lot of derision from the traditional Meyer-Drake Offenhauser competitors, in their front-engine roadsters, within a few years,
all the competitors ran mid-engine chassis designs.
As to a 'level playing field,' that's exactly why the allowances were given, specifically to create just-that. If someone has the engineering expertise to spend in development to accomplish a breakthrough, and it's under the rules, it
is eminently fair, under the rules, isn't it?
Talking about Indy 500 competitors, what about the STP turbine cars? Andy Granitelli took a chance on the prospect of developing a new form of power trnasmission for the race, and it eventually gave him a win. Mario Andretti, early in his career drove for Granitelli, and Mario could arguably be considered the greatest race driver of all-time, given his successes in different forms of motorsports competition, not bad for an Italian immigrant to the USA as a kid. Do you penalize a team because they have the best talent, by making them run an intake restriction, or something? Hire the best, give them a tested, developed piece of equipment, the best trackside support, and turn them loose.
The Novi cars had a significant Indy roadster advantage in power for many years, but no Novi ever won the 500. Power alone is no guarantee of success. Remember the first time the STP turbines ran, they both had a < $5 bearing fail at the end of the race, costing them the win.
A Motus is exactly like a Ferrari or a Mclaren, it's an essentially hand-built piece of transportation, expensive to manufacture, typically over-designed, using bespoke engineering, materials, and design to create something most people cannot afford to own or to operate. Did you know the price of a 1990's Mclaren
F1 road car windshield wiper? Fifteen hundred dollars USA! Ask Jay Leno. Supposedly when he was informed about the cost, he said, "well, I guess I just won't drive it in the rain!" Like the MV Agusta's, the Bimotas, a Ducati Panigale R, and other $$$$ bikes, the Motus is in a class of higher-cost bikes that have an entry point likely to prevent most of us from considering buying them. Snobbery, exclusivity, cutting-edge engineering, cost of purchase, vehicles like this sell themselves because most people cannot justify the cost of admission. That alone makes them in a different class. Even if you could afford $45,000 USA would you? I wouldn't.
Could I? Yes, if I wanted to, but I have other priorities of greater precedance. One would be staying within the bonds of matrimony. :biglaugh:
I see that you are considering the Italian and British sports cars as different from the intent of the sport-touring Motus, but they both 9the cars and the bike) are for use on public roads, have some functional capacity to be used daily, if you're willing to chance the crummy cellphone-using, texting inattentive drivers, poor parking attempts and other daily hazards we all encounter.
I have a pic of a Motus I saw at Daytona Bike Week in the Speedway parking lot, and it had a constant stream of bikers stopping to examine it, proof to me of its exclusivity, even if it's not for the same purpose as an AUDI R8 V-10 mid-engine coupe, a Lamborghini Gallardo cabriolet, or a laFerrari.
I see that Ilmor engine won with much more displacement (209ci vs 161, thats 500cc difference) and boost (27 vs 22psi) allowed under the rules too. Thats no level playing field.